Fluorosis in rats exposed to oscillating chronic fluoride doses

Considering that blood fluoride concentration varies according to fluoride exposure and that dental fluorosis is related to the amount of enamel formed under a given fluoride dose, the present study investigated whether the fluorosis produced by an oscillating chronic fluoride dose would be similar to that caused by exposure to a constant dose, representing the mean of the oscillation during a given time. Rats received during 78 days water with fluoride concentrations of 0, 12.5, 25 or 37.5 μg F/mL, or oscillating concentrations of 12.5 and 37.5 μg F/mL every 72 h (mean exposure=25 μg F/mL). The concentrations of fluoride in the plasma, femur and incisors of the rats were determined at the end of the experimental period. Also, the enamel dental fluorosis index was determined in the incisors using a quantitative method developed by our research group named Dental Fluorosis by Image Analysis (DFIA). Fluoride concentrations in plasma, femur and teeth, and DFIA increased linearly for constant fluoride concentrations in water (p<0.0001, r values=0.87-0.98). The results of the oscillating group and the groups receiving 25 μg F/mL did not differ significantly (p>0.05). The findings of this study suggest that in animals chronically exposed to symmetrically oscillating fluoride doses, the resulting dental fluorosis reflects the metabolic effect of the mean of the oscillating doses.